What health risks may result from radiation exposure when working with radioactive materials?

Radiation exposure is a significant concern in the field of nuclear medicine, particularly when handling radioactive materials. One of the most serious health risks associated with such exposure is the development of cancer. This occurs because ionizing radiation can damage the DNA within cells. If the damage leads to mutations, it may disrupt normal cell cycle regulation and result in uncontrolled cell growth, a hallmark of cancer.

Radiation exposure can affect various organs and systems depending on the type and duration of exposure, as well as individual susceptibility. Over time, accumulated exposure increases the probability of developing different cancer types, including leukemia, thyroid cancer, and solid tumors. Additionally, the risk is not immediate; many cancers caused by radiation exposure may take years or even decades to manifest, which underscores the importance of ongoing monitoring and protective measures for those working with radioactive substances.

While skin irritation can occur due to radiation in rare cases, especially with high levels of exposure, it is a more localized and less serious issue than the long-term risk of cancer. Respiratory issues and cardiovascular diseases are not directly associated with radiation exposure from radioactive materials but might arise from other occupational hazards or lifestyle factors unrelated to exposure to ionizing radiation. Hence, the leading concern and recognized long-term risk from working with radioactive materials is